tag.rb: validate tag names.

Makes these tag names invalid when tagging posts:

* Blank names (e.g. ___).
* Non-ASCII characters (Japanese text).
* Non-printable characters (e.g. control characters < 0x20).
* Leading or trailing underscores, or consecutive underscores. Reason:
  `_foo__bar_` and `foo_bar` both render as `foo bar` in the tag list.
* Leading `-` or `~`, or '*' (-foo, ~foo, foo*bar). Previously
  these were silently stripped, but that meant tagging a post with e.g.
  `*-foo` tagged the post with the invalid tag `-foo`.
* Tag type prefixes (e.g. `character:character:hatsune_miku` no longer creates
  the literal tag `character:hatsune_miku`).
* Metatags (order:score, user:evazion, etc).

app/logical/tag_name_validator.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+class TagNameValidator < ActiveModel::EachValidator
+  def validate_each(record, attribute, value)
+    case Tag.normalize_name(value)
+    when /\A_*\z/
+      record.errors[attribute] << "'#{value}' cannot be blank"
+    when /\*/
+      record.errors[attribute] << "'#{value}' cannot contain asterisks ('*')"
+    when /,/
+      record.errors[attribute] << "'#{value}' cannot contain commas (',')"
+    when /\A~/
+      record.errors[attribute] << "'#{value}' cannot begin with a tilde ('~')"
+    when /\A-/
+      record.errors[attribute] << "'#{value}' cannot begin with a dash ('-')"
+    when /\A_/
+      record.errors[attribute] << "'#{value}' cannot begin with an underscore"
+    when /_\z/
+      record.errors[attribute] << "'#{value}' cannot end with an underscore"
+    when /__/
+      record.errors[attribute] << "'#{value}' cannot contain consecutive underscores"
+    when /[^[[:graph:]]]/
+      record.errors[attribute] << "'#{value}' cannot contain non-printable characters"
+    when /[^[[:ascii:]]]/
+      record.errors[attribute] << "'#{value}' must consist of only ASCII characters"
+    when /\A(#{Tag::METATAGS}|#{Tag::SUBQUERY_METATAGS}):(.+)\z/i
+      record.errors[attribute] << "'#{value}' cannot begin with '#{$1}:'"
+    when /\A(#{Tag.categories.regexp}):(.+)\z/i
+      record.errors[attribute] << "'#{value}' cannot begin with '#{$1}:'"
+    end
+  end
+end

app/models/tag.rb

@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@ class Tag < ActiveRecord::Base
   attr_accessible :is_locked, :as => [:moderator, :admin]
   has_one :wiki_page, :foreign_key => "title", :primary_key => "name"
 
+  validates :name, uniqueness: true, tag_name: true, on: :create
+
   module ApiMethods
     def to_legacy_json
       return {
@@ -179,7 +181,7 @@ class Tag < ActiveRecord::Base
 
   module NameMethods
     def normalize_name(name)
-      name.mb_chars.downcase.tr(" ", "_").gsub(/\A[-~]+/, "").gsub(/\*/, "").to_s
+      name.to_s.mb_chars.downcase.strip.tr(" ", "_").to_s
     end
 
     def find_or_create_by_name(name, options = {})