diff --git a/app/models/tag_implication.rb b/app/models/tag_implication.rb
index 9d3882959..2e886b132 100644
--- a/app/models/tag_implication.rb
+++ b/app/models/tag_implication.rb
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ class TagImplication < ApplicationRecord
     module ClassMethods
       # assumes names are normalized
       def with_descendants(names)
-        (names + where("antecedent_name in (?) and status in (?)", names, ["active", "processing"]).map(&:descendant_names_array)).flatten.uniq
+        (names + active.where(antecedent_name: names).flat_map(&:descendant_names_array)).uniq
       end
 
       def automatic_tags_for(names)
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ class TagImplication < ApplicationRecord
 
           until children.empty?
             all.concat(children)
-            children = TagImplication.where("antecedent_name IN (?) and status in (?)", children, ["active", "processing"]).map(&:consequent_name)
+            children = TagImplication.active.where(antecedent_name: children).pluck(:consequent_name)
           end
         end.sort.uniq
       end
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ class TagImplication < ApplicationRecord
     end
 
     def active
-      where("status IN (?)", ["active", "processing"])
+      where(status: %w[active processing queued])
     end
 
     def search(params)