Refactor the `PostQuery::AST#simplify` method to split it into three
methods: `#trim` to eliminate redundant AND and OR clauses, `#simplify`
to expand deeply nested subexpressions, and `#sort` to sort the query
into alphabetical order.
This is so we can normalize queries written by users by parsing and
rewriting them, but without expanding out nested subexpressions, which
can substantially alter the way the query is written.
Add a new tag tag search parser that supports full boolean expressions, including `and`,
`or`, and `not` operators and parenthesized subexpressions.
This is only the parser itself, not the code for converting the search into SQL. The new
parser isn't used yet for actual searches. Searches still use the old parser.
Some example syntax:
* `1girl 1boy`
* `1girl and 1boy` (same as `1girl 1boy`)
* `1girl or 1boy`
* `~1girl ~1boy` (same as `1girl or 1boy`)
* `1girl and ((blonde_hair blue_eyes) or (red_hair green_eyes))`
* `1girl ~(blonde_hair blue_eyes) ~(red_hair green_eyes)` (same as above)
* `1girl -(blonde_hair blue_eyes)`
* `*_hair *_eyes`
* `*_hair or *_eyes`
* `user:evazion or fav:evazion`
* `~user:evazion ~fav:evazion`
Rules:
AND is implicit between terms, but may be written explicitly:
* `a b c` is `a and b and c`
AND has higher precedence (binds tighter) than OR:
* `a or b and c or d` is `a or (b and c) or d`
* `a or b c or d e` is `a or (b and c) or (d and e)`
All `~` operators in the same subexpression are combined into a single OR:
* `a b ~c ~d` is `a b (c or d)`
* `~a ~b and ~c ~d` is `(a or b) (c or d)`
* `(~a ~b) (~c ~d)` is `(a or b) (c or d)`
A single `~` operator in a subexpression by itself is ignored:
* `a ~b` is `a b`
* `~a and ~b` is `a and b`, which is `a b`
* `(~a) ~b` is `a ~b`, which is `a b`
The parser is written as a backtracking recursive descent parser built on top of
StringScanner and a handful of parser combinators. The parser generates an AST, which is
then simplified using Boolean algebra to remove redundant nodes and to convert the
expression to conjunctive normal form (that is, a product of sums, or an AND of ORs).
