Add tracking of certain important user actions. These events include:
* Logins
* Logouts
* Failed login attempts
* Account creations
* Account deletions
* Password reset requests
* Password changes
* Email address changes
This is similar to the mod actions log, except for account activity
related to a single user.
The information tracked includes the user, the event type (login,
logout, etc), the timestamp, the user's IP address, IP geolocation
information, the user's browser user agent, and the user's session ID
from their session cookie. This information is visible to mods only.
This is done with three models. The UserEvent model tracks the event
type (login, logout, password change, etc) and the user. The UserEvent
is tied to a UserSession, which contains the user's IP address and
browser metadata. Finally, the IpGeolocation model contains the
geolocation information for IPs, including the city, country, ISP, and
whether the IP is a proxy.
This tracking will be used for a few purposes:
* Letting users view their account history, to detect things like logins
from unrecognized IPs, failed logins attempts, password changes, etc.
* Rate limiting failed login attempts.
* Detecting sockpuppet accounts using their login history.
* Detecting unauthorized account sharing.
Add a Restricted user level. Restricted users are level 10, below
Members. New users start out as Restricted if they sign up from a proxy
or an IP recently used by another user.
Restricted users can't update or edit any public content on the site
until they verify their email address, at which point they're promoted
to Member. Restricted users are only allowed to do personal actions
like keep favorites, keep favgroups and saved searches, mark dmails as
read or deleted, or mark forum posts as read.
The restricted state already existed before, the only change here is
that now it's an actual user level instead of a hidden state. Before it
was based on two hidden flags on the user, the `requires_verification`
flag (set when a user signs up from a proxy, etc), and the `is_verified`
flag (set after the user verifies their email). Making it a user level
means that now the Restricted status will be shown publicly.
Introducing a new level below Member means that we have to change every
`is_member?` check to `!is_anonymous` for every place where we used
`is_member?` to check that the current user is logged in.
* Show a banner if the user is restricted because they signed up from a
proxy or VPN.
* Add an option to resend the confirmation email if your account has an
unverified email address.
* Make authentication methods into User instance methods instead of
class methods.
* Fix API key authentication to use a secure string comparison. Fixes a
hypothetical (unlikely to be exploitable) timing attack.
* Move login logic from SessionCreator to SessionLoader.
